Archive for the ‘charcot’ Category
Sunday, October 12th, 2008
Goal of the treatment is to protect the affected joints afrom repeated injury and the stresses of weight-bearing. This is usually done with orthosis wearing.
Progression of the disease is usually delayed with conservative management. Surgical measures are directed toward stabilization of the joint by arthrodesis. In the feet, bony prominences may be excised to facilitate shoe wear.
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Saturday, October 11th, 2008
In a normal limb, the injured joint is protected from further trauma by pain. In the absence of pain and proprioceptive sensation, however, the joint continues to be active and is repeatedly injured.
Synovial effusion and hemarthrosis are aggravated and, together with the abnormal stresses on the joint, cause extreme stretching and weakening of the capsule and supportive ligaments.
Local hyperemia causes bone atrophy and resorption.
Cartilage destruction, bone erosion, and minute fractures soon follow. Reparative response results in the formation of callus and metaplastic changes in surrounding traumatized soft tissues. With repeated injury, the joint becomes totally disorganized, subluxation ensues, and severe degenerative changes take place.
The affected joints are boggy, tense, swollen, nontender, and have an excessively abnormal range of motion on clinical examinaion. The local triad of swelling, instability, and absence of pain is nearly always suggestive of Charcot joint.
Radiographic Findings
The joint will show varying degrees of destructive and hypertrophic changes. There is loss of articular cartilage, fragmentation and absorption of subchondral bone, and osseous proliferation of the articular margins.
The bone overgrowth may be enormous, bizarre in configuration, and so great as to surround the joint as a spongy mass. The periarticular soft tissues are thickened and contain scattered calcifications.
Pathologic fractures involving the articular surface are common, as are irregular loose bodies within the joint.
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Friday, October 10th, 2008
* Congenital insensitivity to pain
* Peripheral nerve injuries
* Diabetic neuropathy
* Chronic diseases of the spinal cord that lead to sensory disturbances of the limbs.
In myelomeningocele, absence of pain sensation is associated with flaccid paralysis and marked limitation of physical activity; thus, owing to associated severe osteoporosis, the bone and joint changes present a different picture.
The joints involved vary with the different etiologic conditions.
In congenital insensitivity to pain and diabetic neuropathy, the destructive changes occur primarily in the tarsal and metatarsal joints, less commonly in the ankle, and rarely in the knee.
In syringomyelia, the joints involved are those of the shoulder and elbow. In tabes dorsalis, the knee, hip, ankle, and thoracolumbar spine are frequent sites of the disease.
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Thursday, October 9th, 2008
This condition was described by Charcot, in 1868. He described it as a bizarre destruction of the knee joints with indolent swelling and instability in patients of tabes dorsalis. He proposed that the disease resulted from traumatization of a joint deprived of sensation.
Later Steindler classified the condition into the condition into the destructive, atrophic and hypertrophic proliferative forms.
Charcot-like changes in joints are seen in patients who have absence or depression of pain and proprioceptive sensation and who take part in extended continuous physical activity.
As a consequence their joints sustain repeated trauma.
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