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Among a slew of executive orders Barack Obama is said to be drafting, observers believe one may lift a ban on US funding for overseas family planning groups that even dare mention abortion.

“I think there’s a very good likelihood that he will lift the ‘global gag rule,’” said Steven Mosher, head of the pro-life, non-profit Population Research Institute.

“The previous Democratic president Bill Clinton just a couple of days after being sworn in signed a whole series of executive orders which undid the policies of the previous two administrations,” Mosher said.

First introduced by Republican president Ronald Reagan in 1984, the “global gag rule” cuts off US funding to overseas family planning clinics which provide any abortion services whatsoever, from the operation itself to counselling, referrals or post-abortion services.

When President George W. Bush came into office in 2000, he immediately reversed Clinton’s orders once again freezing funds to many family planning groups.

US funds to the UN Population Fund (UNFPA) have been blocked since 2002, with the State Department saying the UN agency supports China’s one-child policy, which is says amounts to coercive abortion.

“The Bush administration has said the UNFPA supports coercive birth control methods and that’s why they’re blocking money to it,” said Tait Sye, a spokesman for the Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA).

“The problem is that UNFPA money goes towards things like family planning and contraception, too,” vital services in developing countries, he added.

A World Bank report published in July said women in developing countries, where access to contraception is poor, often turn to abortion as a means of birth control.

Abortion is more costly than providing contraceptive services, and around half the 42 million abortions performed annually are unsafe, the report said.

UNFPA senior culture adviser Azza Karam stressed at the launch of the UN agency’s annual State of World Population report in Washington this week that family planning is “not a luxury of whether or not you’re going to have premarital sex” but a service that women must have access to.

One woman dies every minute somewhere in the world because of complications during birth, she said.

The Obama transition team has not said what the president-elect intends to do when he takes office on January 20, but speculation is rife he may undo the gag rule.

“We think there’s going to be a change, and clinics will be allowed again to offer a full range of family planning services,” said PPFA head Cecile Richards.

Democratic lawmaker Carolyn Maloney drew applause when she told the launch: “We are about to see major cultural change in Washington … One big change is that UNFPA will be funded.”

Pro-lifers, however, said they would be gutted if Obama reversed the gag rule.

“We are appalled that Barack Obama is considering changing the policy,” said Katie Walker, spokeswoman for the American Life League (ALL).

“The majority of Americans are horrified by the concept of abortion and that includes many types of hormonal contraception which operate by causing early abortion,” she told AFP.

According to a survey conducted in May by Gallup, roughly 50 percent of Americans are pro-choice — for abortion rights — and around 40 percent are pro-life — opposed to abortion rights.

Mosher said he would be “personally distressed” if Obama were to reinstate funding for the UNFPA. “They’re clearly, in our view, cooperating with China’s one-child policy, which involves targets and quotas for abortions and sterilizations,” he told AFP.

“We would like President Obama to weigh the evidence before he makes a decision.”

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While major complications are uncommon after tubal ligation, there are risks with any surgical procedure. Possible side effects include infection and bleeding. Rarely, death may occur as a complication of general anesthesia if a major blood vessel is cut. The death rate following tubal ligation is about four per 100,000 sterilizations. After laparoscopy, the patient may experience pain in the shoulder area from the carbon dioxide used during surgery, but the technique is associated with less pain than mini-laparotomy, as well as a faster recovery period. Mini-laparotomy results in a higher incidence of pain, bleeding, bladder injury, and infection compared with laparoscopy. Patients normally feel better after three or four days of rest, and are able to resume sexual activity at that time.

After having her tubes ligated, a woman does not need to use any form of birth control to avoid pregnancy. Tubal ligation is almost 100% effective for the prevention of conception. The possibility for treatment failure is very low—fewer than one in 200 women (0.4%) will become pregnant during the first year after sterilization. Failure can happen if the cut ends of the tubes grow back together; if the tube was not completely cut or blocked off; if a plastic clip or rubber band is loose or comes off; or if the woman was already pregnant at the time of surgery.

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Tubal ligation, or getting one’s “tubes tied,” refers to female sterilization, the surgery that ends a woman’s ability to conceive. The operation is performed on the patient’s Fallopian tubes. These tubes, which are about 10 cm long and 0.5 cm in diameter, are found on the upper outer sides of the uterus, and open into the uterus through small channels. It is within the Fallopian tube that fertilization, the joining of the egg and the sperm, takes place. During tubal ligation, the tubes are cut or blocked in order to close off the sperm’s access to the egg.

Normally, tubal ligation takes about 20-30 minutes, and is performed under general anesthesia, spinal anesthesia, or local anesthesia with sedation. The surgery can be performed on either hospitalized patients within 24 hours after childbirth or on outpatients. The woman can usually leave the hospital the same day.

The most common surgical approaches to tubal ligation include laparoscopy and mini-laparotomy. In a laparoscopic tubal ligation, a long, thin telescopelike surgical instrument called a laparoscope is inserted into the pelvis through a small cut about 1 cm long near the navel. Carbon dioxide gas is pumped in to help move the abdominal wall to give the surgeon easier access to the tubes. Often the surgical instruments are inserted through a second incision near the pubic-hair line. An instrument may be placed through the vagina to hold the uterus in place.

In a mini-laparotomy, a 3-4 cm incision is made just above the pubic bone or under the navel. A larger incision, or laparotomy, is rarely used today. Tubal ligation canalsobeperformed at thetime of a cesarean section.

Tubal ligation costs about $2,000 when performed by a private physician, but is less expensive when performed at a family planning clinic. Most insurance plans cover treatment costs.

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Tubal ligation should be postponed if the woman is unsure about her decision. While it is sometimes reversible, the procedure should be considered permanent and irreversible. Up to 10% of sterilized women regret having had the surgery, and about 1% seek treatment in attempts to restore fertility.

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Q: My name is Brandy and my sister-in-law is having pregnancy problems.  She has been pregnant five times. And just recently found out that she lost her fifth baby. Out of the five pregnancy’s she has had one baby and that was her first pregnancy. She asked me to be a serogant mother for her and her husband.  I have had a tubiligation and was wondering if it was possible for me to carry a fetus with a tubiligation?  Another question is I am rh-negative and they are both posistive.  Which i have had to have shot with my four pregnancy which were all carried to term.  Will a rh-negative factor interupt with carring another woman’s baby.

A: First of all, she needs to go further and find out what is causing the miscarraiges. she need to go see a fertilty specialist and now. Surrogacy is tricky and must be done legally and with lots of care, it is not just getting pregnant for someone else. Dont’ do it because she is your sister in law, make sure she does all she can do to carry a baby on her own and safely before you do anything like that.

Tubal Ligation is a permanent voluntary form of birth control (contraception) in which a woman’s Fallopian tubes are surgically cut or blocked off to prevent pregnancy.

Tubal ligation is performed in women who definitely want to prevent future pregnancies. It is frequently chosen by women who do not want more children, but who are still sexually active and potentially fertile, and want to be free of the limitations of other types of birth control. Women who should not become pregnant for health concerns or other reasons may also choose this birth control method. Tubal ligation is one of the leading methods of contraception, having been chosen by over 10 million women in the United States—about 15% of women of reproductive age. The typical tubal ligation patient is over age 30, is married, and has had two or three children.

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* You would like to further information about birth control options.
* You want to start using a specific method of birth control that requires a prescription or needs to be inserted by a health care provider.
* You have had unprotected intercourse or method failure (for example, a broken condom) within the past 72 hours, and you do not want to become pregnant.

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* Coitus interruptus is the withdrawal of the penis from the vagina prior to ejaculation. Some semen frequently escapes prior to full withdrawal, enough to cause a pregnancy.
* Douching shortly after sex is ineffective because sperm can make their way past the cervix within 90 seconds after ejaculation.
* Breastfeeding. Despite the myths, women who are breastfeeding can become pregnant.

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* The “morning after” pill consists of two doses of hormone pills taken as soon as possible within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse.
* A prescription is required.
* The pill may prevent pregnancy by temporarily blocking eggs from being produced, by stopping fertilization, or keeping a fertilized egg from becoming implanted in the uterus.
* The morning after pill may be appropriate in cases of rape; having a condom break or slip off during sex; missing two or more birth control pills during a monthly cycle; and having unplanned sex.
* Risks include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue, and headache.

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* A vasectomy is a simple, permanent procedure for men. The vas deferens (the tubes that carry sperm) are cut and sealed.
* A vasectomy is performed safely in a doctor’s office using a local anesthetic to numb the area.
* Vasectomies are best for men and couples who believe they never wish to have children in the future. While often viewed as a permanent method, they can sometimes be reversed.

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* During tubal ligation, a woman’s fallopian tubes are cut, sealed, or blocked by a special clip, preventing eggs and sperm from entering the tubes. It is usually performed immediately after childbirth, or by laparoscopic surgery.
* Tubal ligations are best for women and couples who believe they never wish to have children in the future. While viewed as a permanent method, the operation can sometimes be reversed if a woman later chooses to become pregnant.

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