The most common allergic skin reaction to a food is hives. Hives are red, very itchy, swollen areas of the skin that may arise suddenly and leave quickly. They often appear in clusters, with new clusters appearing as other areas clear. Hives may occur alone or with other symptoms.
Atopic dermatitis, or eczema, a skin condition characterized by itchy, scaly, red skin, can be triggered by food allergy. This reaction is often chronic, occurring in individuals with personal or family histories of allergies or asthma.
Asthma symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, or difficulty breathing due to narrowed airways, may be triggered by food allergy, especially in infants and children.
Gastrointestinal symptoms of food allergy include vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal cramping, and sometimes a red rash around the mouth, itching and swelling of the mouth and throat, abdominal pain, swelling of the stomach and gas.
In infants, non-allergic, temporary reactions to certain foods, especially fruits, are common. For example, a rash around the mouth, due to natural acids in foods like tomatoes and oranges, or diarrhea due to excess sugar in fruit juice or other beverages, occur with some frequency. However, other reactions are allergic and may be caused by traces of the offending food when eaten again. As they grow older, some children may tolerate foods that previously caused allergic reactions.
Less than 21% of patients with peanut allergy will outgrow it. Periodic food allergy check-ups with appropriate food challenges should be carried out under the supervision of an allergist.
Severe allergic reactions
In severe cases, consuming a food to which one is allergic can cause a life-threatening reaction called anaphylaxis- a systemic allergic reaction that can be severe and sometimes fatal. The first signs of anaphylaxis may be a feeling of warmth, flushing, tingling in the mouth or a red, itchy rash. Other symptoms may include feelings of light-headedness, shortness of breath, severe sneezing, anxiety, stomach or uterine cramps, and/or vomiting and diarrhea. In severe cases, patients may experience a drop in blood pressure that results in a loss of consciousness and shock. Without immediate treatment, anaphylaxis may cause death.
Symptoms of anaphylaxis are reversed by treatment with injectable epinephrine, antihistamines, and other emergency measures. It is essential that anyone with symptoms suggesting possible anaphylaxis get emergency treatment immediately.
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