Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a common name for arteries thickening and hardering. It developes when a fatty plaque builds up in the inner walls of arteries. According to many scientists atherosclerosis can start when the endothelium, the innermost layer of the artery, becomes damaged. When the inner layer of the artery becomes damaged, a plaque, the buildup of fat-like substanses (cholesterol, triglyceride, cellular waste products), calcium and clotting blood substance (fibrin), can form on the damaged artery. The plaque can reduce or completely stop the flow of blood through the artery thus reducing the oxygen supply. Atherosclerosis can result in a stroke or heart attack if the oxygen supply to the brain or heart muscle is reduced. If the oxygen supply to the extremities is cut off, gangrene can result. Athresclerosis often leads to coronary heart disease, the leading cause of death in the United States.
Causes of atherosclerosis:
* High cholesterol level in blood
* High blood pressure
* Tobacco smoking
* Lack of physical activity
* Obesity
* Aging
High cholesterol & atherosclerosis treatment
Atherosclerosis prevention and treatment includes lifestyle changes and cholesterol lowering therapy. High cholesterol levels can be lowered by:
1. Low cholesterol diet
Low cholesterol diet must be low in trans and saturated fat, sodium and dietary cholesterol and rich in whole-grain, high-fiber, low-fat foods, fruits and vegetables.
2. Lifestyle changes
* Stop smoking
* Loose weight
* Increase physical activity
3. Drug therapy
* Take medications used to lower cholesterol levels in blood
* Treat hypertension, control your blood pressure
* Treat diabetes mellitus
* Treat overweight, loose weight
Medications used to lower cholesterol level in blood
When your blood test shows high cholesterol level, your doctor will prescribe you low cholesterol diet and lifestyle changes. If these changes in diet and physical activity do not lower your blood cholesterol level, your doctor may prescribe a cholesterol-lowering medication.
Nearly 25 per cent of blood cholesterol comes from the foods you eat and 75 per cent of cholesterol is produced by your liver. Due to this statistics, there are two kinds of medications: first lower cholesterol count produced by your liver and the second reduce cholesterol count taken from foods.
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