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Today stress has become a talking point as the number of people who are suffering from non communicable diseases such as heart diseases, diabetes, cancers are increasing to great extent. The day to day living stress has become so intense in every age group. It is questionable whether the number of people who exit from the path of stress has exceeded the number who are entering.

Stress can be defined as any influence that interrupts or disturbs any aspect of the normal body functioning. There is a pressure or outside force to build up this anomaly which has become a social norm. The out side forces may be the work problems, financial worries, undue hurry to achieve a given goal, separations, relationship difficulties with the close associates or preparing for examinations.

The upbringing of a person will decide the type of responses for the outside influences. The people are conditioned by education, circumstances and religion. The parents, teachers and associates are the guiding factors in this effect. One’s attitude and thoughts will be formed with the editions and corrections to influence their perception of events. A person differs from another person in the way of reacting for an event, mentally and emotionally.

The initial reactions of the stress appears as , anger, fear, worry, anxiety or depression. If the stress becomes chronic or persistent the changes of bodily functions lead to diseases affecting almost every system. The heart diseases, diabetes, chronic obstructive airway diseases, chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune diseases, depression, gastrointestinal disorders, allergies and cancers may be the unwanted profit of these changes in the body.

The endocrine system of the body is activated in reacting to the stress. The adrenal gland which is situated over the kidney, releases hormones including adrenaline, cortisol and aldosterone as a result. This can lead to various ailments especially heart disease and diabetes.

When the stress is continuing for longer period and become chronic , the function of the adrenal gland will be affected consequently. The adrenal gland is exhausted at a point when the chronic stress is unbearable. The resulting deficiency of adrenal hormones in this stage, will lead to other kind of ailments like chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, allergies and cancers.

There is an another important gland which is involved in protecting the human from external infections and preventing internal reactions to the own tissues by the immune cells and antibodies. This gland which is called thymus, may undergo shrinkage due to increased levels of cortisone and cortisol hormones which are secreted by the adrenal gland in response to the stress. The resulting malfunction of the thymus gland may lead to autoimmune diseases.

Stress related diseases of the cardiovascular system

The cardiovascular diseases are the most serious health problems which can be linked to stress. The adrenal hormones namely, adrenaline, cortisol, aldosterone cause a rising blood pressure. When the stress is pronged and chronic this will affect badly on cardiovascular system.

Atherosclerosis or hardening of the small blood vessels which are supplying blood to the organs and tissues from the heart will be another cardiovascular complication , linked to the stress. The increased blood pressure and the disturbed blood flow through the constricted path may cause injury to the vessel wall in consequence of stress.

Stress and diabetes

The releasing of increased levels of adrenal hormones will have substantial effects on the blood glucose levels in stress. The glucose stored in the liver as glycogen, will be released to the blood stream under the influence of adrenaline hormone. The corticosteroid, another hormone secreted from the adrenals, which increases the blood glucose by breaking down protein, also reduces the usage or metabolism of glucose by the cells. Insulin is a pancreatic hormone which control the blood glucose levels. The sensitivity of insulin is decreased by high cortisol levels.

Hence large levels of cortsol hormones secreted in chronic stress will lower the action of insulin hormone leading to higher incidence of diabetes.

When there is a family history of diabetes, overweight or obesity or excessive consumption of sugar , the diabetic tendency can be easily emerged in prolonged stress. The tendency to become diabetic can be expressed through prolonged stress.

Cancer and the stress

The white blood cells are capable of destroying unwanted cancer cells to some extent. This action of white blood cells may be decreased in chronic stress. The shrinkage of the thymus gland will further aggravate the condition. Due to both these reasons the risk of developing cancer cells increase.

Inflammatory conditions and the stress

The corticosteroid hormones , releasing from the adrenal gland have an antiinflammatory effect. When the adrenals are exhausted of the strength and hormonal supply , under prolonged or chronic stress , the ability of the body to fight against the inflammation is reduced.

The stress may be a factor in some chronic inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. The body,s immune system mistakenly attacks multiple joints in this inflammatory disorder. If the natural normal supply of the corticosteroid hormones are reduced , the associated problems of the arthritic patient may become worsened

Allergies and the stress

The allergic reactions are a consequence of inflammation in body tissues. The adrenal hormones, namely adrenaline and corticosteroids are needed to prevent or control this effect of inflammation. When there is an exhaustion of the adrenals due to the chronic stress , the action of these hormones will be reduced. Therefore , conditions related to allergies are manifested easily in a person with chronic stress.

The best example for this phenomenon is bronchial asthma , in which the attacks are more common during the period of stress.

Headaches and the stress

Headaches can be produced by stress. There is a constricting effect of adrenal hormones on blood circulation. Although the circulation of the brain increases in the early stage of stress, the long term effects on the circulation may be negative in the case of chronic stress. This may adversely affect blood flow to the brain to cause headaches. Another facilitating factor is the effect of stress on the nervous system which will make a person more sensitive to pain. Also there is an increased muscle tension in the neck and shoulders that will aggravate the condition.

Depression and the stress

The depression may be a result of psychological effects of chronic stress. The decreased levels of noradrenaline hormone , secreted from the adrenals are linked to depressions in some individuals as a result of adrenal exhaustion in chronic stress.

Digestive and intestinal disorders and the stress

The several digestive and intestinal disorders re related to stress. Indigestion, abdominal discomfort, heartburn and irritable bowel syndrome are some examples.

We should be cautious and careful to be away from the stress. It is important to identify the source of problem to find a suitable answer to have the relief. It is needed to separate the causes of stress into relevant categories. The cause may be emotional,mental,physical or environmental. Also these causes may be under the control of the affected person or out of his control. If the sources are out of control of the affected person, he should concentrate on manipulating his reactions to cope with the stress in a better way like , practicing deep breathing as an example. The assessing the frequency in exposing to stress is also helpful to bypass the source.

The common remedial measures practiced by people who are in stress, are worth considering. Consuming alcohol, drinking coffee or smoking are some of them. Interestingly it can be shown that the stress is aggravated by these remedies. This is the hidden truth that remain unknown among the general public.

Caffeine is a constituent of the coffee. It causes release of adrenaline hormones from the adrenals especially when there is an excessive consumption of coffee. The nervous tension, irritability and difficulty in sleeping are the results of this effect. That means the remedy has helped not to relieve the condition but to aggravate it.

Alcohol also increases the release of adrenaline hormone from the adrenals as in the case of caffeine. This will have the same adverse affects to cause similar symptoms like irritability and sleeping difficulties. When a person is dependent on alcohol, there will be an additional problem , as the hormones of adrenals such as cortisol and aldosterone which are releasing in large amounts during stress are not eliminating sufficiently by the damaged liver.

Smoking also increases the symptoms of stress as it’s constituent called nicotine stimulates the secretion of adrenaline hormone from the adrenals. Therefore it is not a remedy for stress as it will definitely aggravate the condition. Smoking will affect adversely on the necessary nutrients like vitamin B and C. Cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and high blood pressure, poor digestion, impaired immunity and cancers are other related problems of smoking to complicate the life of a person with stress.

We should be capable of selecting beneficial measures in fighting with stress while avoiding stress aggravating factors in day to day life. Fresh fruits and vegetables are highly beneficial in this context as they contain a favourable amount of essential vitamins and minerals. The potassium content of fruits and vegetables is an important factor , relating to stress tolerance.

The change of whole environment and world may not be an easy task but the change in a person in keeping with outside influencers is not impossible. Therefore it is advisable to everyone to increase the stress tolerance, reduce the adverse physiological effects related to stress, reduce the possibility and the effects of adrenal exhaustion for maintaining a qualitative life with good health.

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