Posts Tagged ‘children’
Tuesday, September 16th, 2008
Information about the incubation period varies, and it is not well determined. Illness following transfusion may begin from three to eight weeks after receiving the infected blood. Babies born with congenital CMV may show symptoms from three to eight weeks after birth.
Infectiousness
Babies infected before birth excrete the virus on and off for years and are infectious during this time. Young children are infectious from six months to two years old. Adults are infectious for only a few months.
Immunity
Once you are infected, the virus remains latent in your body, just like other herpes viruses, and can be reactivated later in life under periods of stress or weakened immunity.
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Disclaimer: This drug information is for your information purposes only, it is not intended that this information covers all uses, directions, drug interactions, precautions, or adverse effects of your medication. This is only general information, and should not be relied on for any purpose. It should not be construed as containing specific instructions for any particular patient. We disclaim all responsibility for the accuracy and reliability of this information, and/or any consequences arising from the use of this information, including damage or adverse consequences to persons or property, however such damages or consequences arise. No warranty, either expressed or implied, is made in regards to this information.
Monday, September 15th, 2008
Babies. Almost all babies infected before birth are perfectly normal. Only about 10 percent of babies infected before birth are sick, and of these, 20 to 30 percent may die. Most survivors will have permanent damage. Some long-term studies suggest that a small number of apparently normal but CMV-infected babies at birth may have problems later in life. Congenital CMV has been linked to hearing loss and learning disabilities in children.
Children. Young children may have a mild cold or fever for a few days when first infected
with CMV.
Adults. CMV causes no signs or symptoms of illness in most adults. It will, however, cause an illness similar to mono in about ten percent of young adults.
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Disclaimer: This drug information is for your information purposes only, it is not intended that this information covers all uses, directions, drug interactions, precautions, or adverse effects of your medication. This is only general information, and should not be relied on for any purpose. It should not be construed as containing specific instructions for any particular patient. We disclaim all responsibility for the accuracy and reliability of this information, and/or any consequences arising from the use of this information, including damage or adverse consequences to persons or property, however such damages or consequences arise. No warranty, either expressed or implied, is made in regards to this information.
Sunday, September 14th, 2008
Babies. Babies infected before birth who become sick with CMV have symptoms affecting many major organs including the liver, brain, eyes, and lungs. The baby may suffer from convulsions, lethargy, a rash that looks like tiny red pinpoints on the skin, and breathing problems. Surviving babies often have such permanent damage as mental retardation, small brain or water on the brain (micro- or hydrocephalus), hearing loss, eye inflammations, poor coordination, and liver disease.
Children. Young children have few, if any symptoms. They may experience a mild cold- or flulike illness with fever, but you can’t tell it apart from any other mild viral illness.
Adults. Very few adults, including pregnant women, have any symptoms. Symptoms will be so mild—achiness, a low fever, sore throat—that you won’t be aware you are sick.
Tests
Because the virus is excreted in blood, urine, saliva, cervical secretions, and breast milk, CMV can be grown in any of these samples. It is not difficult to grow the virus, and the test is available in most large hospital and commercial labs. The virus grows slowly, however, and you may wait from two to six weeks for results.
You can also have your blood tested for the CMV antibody. If you have the antibody, you’ve been previously infected with CMV, but this test won’t tell whether the virus is present in your blood, urine, or saliva.
Newborns with possible congenital CMV infection must have virus cultured from their urine, nose, eyes, or spinal fluid to confirm CMV as the cause of illness.
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Disclaimer: This drug information is for your information purposes only, it is not intended that this information covers all uses, directions, drug interactions, precautions, or adverse effects of your medication. This is only general information, and should not be relied on for any purpose. It should not be construed as containing specific instructions for any particular patient. We disclaim all responsibility for the accuracy and reliability of this information, and/or any consequences arising from the use of this information, including damage or adverse consequences to persons or property, however such damages or consequences arise. No warranty, either expressed or implied, is made in regards to this information.
Saturday, September 13th, 2008
You catch CMV from close, intimate contact with infected urine; saliva; respiratory, vaginal, or cervical secretions; breast milk; or semen. It can be sexually transmitted, but most people get CMV through close household contact. Poor people are much more likely to be infected as young children, probably because they live in crowded conditions.
Babies get it from their mothers before birth, during delivery, or in the first few weeks of life. The baby is infected during pregnancy if its mother has either a first-time CMV infection or a reactivation of a past one.
Women who have toddlers attending child care are often infected. CMV transmission is rapid in these places because urine and saliva are passed from child to child on dirty hands. Young children rarely have symptoms, but they excrete the virus in their urine and saliva for months to years. Anyone working in child care or in any area with lots of young diapered children is exposed to CMV.
It is often transmitted from blood transfusions because so many people, including blood donors, have CMV infections with no symptoms.
Most people are infected with CMV before they reach adulthood, but very few people experience any symptoms or signs of illness. People with AIDS and organ transplant recipients are at highest risk for serious CMV infection—either pneumonia or retinitis, an eye infection. Often, their own latent CMV infections will reactivate as their immune systems either weaken or are suppressed by drugs to prevent organ rejection.
People who need organ transplants are tested for antibodies to CMV. Doctors will try to match CMV-negative organ donors to CMV-negative organ recipients. But a match isn’t always possible and the CMV-negative organ recipient faces a risk of serious CMV infection from the transplanted organ weeks to months later. To prevent this, the doctor will give the transplant recipient an injection of CMV antibody.
CMV-negative organ recipients who need blood transfusions will receive CMV-negative blood. This blood is hard to come by and is saved for people who really need it. If no CMV-negative blood is available, the blood can be filtered to remove the cells containing CMV. Otherwise, transplant patients may become ill if they receive CMV-infected blood.
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Disclaimer: This drug information is for your information purposes only, it is not intended that this information covers all uses, directions, drug interactions, precautions, or adverse effects of your medication. This is only general information, and should not be relied on for any purpose. It should not be construed as containing specific instructions for any particular patient. We disclaim all responsibility for the accuracy and reliability of this information, and/or any consequences arising from the use of this information, including damage or adverse consequences to persons or property, however such damages or consequences arise. No warranty, either expressed or implied, is made in regards to this information.
Friday, September 5th, 2008
Long-term treatment of genital herpes with the drug acyclovir does not reduce the rate of new HIV infections, researchers reported at the International AIDS Conference here last week.
When choosing the best buy branch chain amino acids vitamin, you have to ask yourself certain questions. For example, there are many different multi vitamins on the market today. There are those for children, men and women. There are those for senior citizens, pregnant women, active women, active men and even teenagers. There are also many different brands and forms of multivitamins. While many multivitamins are tablets or pills, others are made of gel that are easier to swallow, some are chewable and liquid vitamin supplements are now becoming all the rage.
About 40 percent of the people in the United States take a multivitamin, but only seven percent actually get the nutrients their body needs on a daily basis. Vitamins give us the nutrients we need to fight off disease, keep our bones healthy and purchase msm protect our skin and hair, ward off colds, keep our cardiovascular system in check, help with pregnancy, give us energy and in general, just keep us healthy. Vitamins we need for every day living are found in most foods, but most people do not get the right amounts of these foods to get the proper nutrients needed from these essential vitamins.
When choosing the best multivitamin, you should first learn something about different vitamins and what they do. For example, if you are an older woman who has a family history of osteoporosis, the best multivitamin for you would be one that contains additional calcium. You might even want to talk to your physician about taking additional calcium tablets.
If you have children who frequently catch colds, especially if they are school age, the best multivitamin for them may be one with extra Vitamin C. There are several children vitamins on the market today and some have extra vitamin C. It is very difficult to overdose on vitamin C, so many parents opt for vitamins that contain extra vitamin C, particularly if they have school aged children who are always catching colds.
If you are a man who needs an extra boost, there are several options for you. In addition to many vitamin supplements that will do everything from increase your energy level to your libido, there are many different multivitamins that contain ingredients you need to stay active and fit. Read the label of the different multivitamins available for men and see what types of supplements are included. Depending on your needs, the best multivitamin for you can be one that promotes good cholesterol or one that gives your more stamina.
All multivitamins have supplement information printed on the back label. This will tell you what percentage of the nutrients are included in the vitamins. Read this carefully to make natural carnitine that you are getting enough of what you need.
You should be getting plenty of B vitamins in your diet. These vitamins are the most beneficial in warding off disease as they are powerful antioxidants. They are often found in dark green vegetables, of which people do not eat enough. Make certain that your multivitamin contains 100 percent of the daily recommended dosages for all of the B vitamins.
If you frequently suffer from feeling tired, the best multi vitamin for you may be one that includes iron. Iron is often given as a supplement to pregnant women, but is also found in many multivitamins. Look on the label and make sure that the multivitamin that you choose includes iron. This will give you that extra boost that you need and eliminate that tired feeling.
If you dislike swallowing tablets or want a quick effect, why not try a liquid multi vitamin supplement? These are becoming more and more popular and take less time to take effect in the body. In addition, because they are swallowed as a liquid, the nutrients are not watered down. For those who want a quick boost or who do not like swallowing pills, the best multi vitamin may be a liquid vitamin supplement.
Senior citizens will benefit from those multi vitamins that cater to the needs of the elderly. These generally have extra supplements that boost memory, promote memory and concentration and add energy. The best multi vitamins for senior citizens are those that are made specifically for them as they often address the nutritional needs of the elderly better than the other multi vitamins on the market.
Depending upon your lifestyle, age, sex, and needs will determine the best multi vitamin that is right for you. If you are suffering from a physical condition, ask your doctor to recommend the best multi vitamin for your condition. If you are confused while at the drugstore, the pharmacist will also be glad to assist you in choosing the best multi vitamin.
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Thursday, September 4th, 2008
A mother with genital herpes can easily deliver a healthy baby. And most can have a normal vaginal delivery. Less than 0.1 percent of infants born in the United States each year get infected with genital herpes during birth, according to the American Social Health Association.
A mother who was infected with herpes prior to getting pregnant passes herpes antibodies on to her fetus, protecting it from becoming infected with the virus. After birth, as the baby develops its own immune system, it loses these antibodies.
The danger period is late in pregnancy. The greatest chance of delivering a baby infected with herpes occurs in women who first become infected with genital herpes in the last trimester, says Zane Brown, M.D., professor of obstetrics at the University of Washington in Seattle. “The mother doesn’t have time to build up antibodies.”
For newborns infected with herpes, the consequences are devastating. “More than 40 percent die or have severe brain damage,” says Brown.
Brown recommends a cesarean section if the primary infection is in the latter half of the pregnancy, or if the mother with long-standing genital herpes has any symptoms of genital herpes at the time of labor. He also recommends that all expectant mothers get a type-specific blood test for herpes in the first trimester of pregnancy. If negative for both HSV-1 and HSV-2, her partner should be tested. If the partner has herpes, sexual contact that could put the mother at risk of acquiring genital herpes should be avoided in the last trimester of pregnancy.
For several months after birth, infants are at risk for getting herpes. People with oral herpes (cold sores) should avoid kissing the baby. Wearing a mask over the cold sore when around the baby is recommended.
If a baby is infected with herpes, early treatment is critical. The FDA has approved the drug acyclovir in injectable form to treat infants with herpes.
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Disclaimer: This drug information is for your information purposes only, it is not intended that this information covers all uses, directions, drug interactions, precautions, or adverse effects of your medication. This is only general information, and should not be relied on for any purpose. It should not be construed as containing specific instructions for any particular patient. We disclaim all responsibility for the accuracy and reliability of this information, and/or any consequences arising from the use of this information, including damage or adverse consequences to persons or property, however such damages or consequences arise. No warranty, either expressed or implied, is made in regards to this information.
Saturday, August 30th, 2008
Does genital herpes cause problems during pregnancy?
Yes. If the mother is having her first outbreak while she is pregnant, she is more likely to pass the virus to her baby. If the outbreak is not the first one, the baby’s risk of getting the virus is very low. Babies born with herpes may be premature or may die, or they may have brain damage, severe rashes, or eye problems. Doctors may do a C-section to deliver a baby if the mother has herpes lesions near the birth canal to help prevent passing the virus. Also, acyclovir can help babies born with herpes if they are treated right away.
It is not yet known if all genital herpes drugs are safe for pregnant women to take. Some doctors may recommend acyclovir be taken either as a pill or through an IV (a needle into a vein) during pregnancy. Let your doctor know if you have genital herpes, even if you are not having an outbreak. He or she will help you manage it safely during pregnancy. Most safe to use during the sypmtoms of Herpes is the natural product of Herpeset.
Can I breastfeed if I have genital herpes?
If you have genital herpes, you can keep breastfeeding as long as the sores are covered. Herpes is spread through contact with sores and can be dangerous to a newborn. If you have sores on your nipple or areola, the darker skin around the nipple, you should stop breastfeeding on that breast. Pump or hand express your milk from that breast until the sore clears. Pumping will help keep up your milk supply and prevent your breast from getting engorged or overly full. You can store your milk to give to your baby in a bottle at another feeding. If the parts of your breast pump that contact the milk also touch the sore(s) while pumping, you should throw the milk away.
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Disclaimer: This drug information is for your information purposes only, it is not intended that this information covers all uses, directions, drug interactions, precautions, or adverse effects of your medication. This is only general information, and should not be relied on for any purpose. It should not be construed as containing specific instructions for any particular patient. We disclaim all responsibility for the accuracy and reliability of this information, and/or any consequences arising from the use of this information, including damage or adverse consequences to persons or property, however such damages or consequences arise. No warranty, either expressed or implied, is made in regards to this information.
Friday, August 29th, 2008
The sex partners of people who have chlamydia may receive free medication for their own treatment without ever seeing a doctor, under a new health program in Kitsap County.
The initiative, pioneered in Seattle, is designed to stem the spread of chlamydia trachomatis, the germ behind the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in the United States.
The approach presumes that the partner of an infected person is likely to be infected, too, and puts a priority on being practical.
“Some (people) don’t have good access to medical care,” said Matthew Golden, an associate professor of medicine at the University of Washington and one of a team of infectious disease and public health specialists in the country who came up with the program.
“We’re not telling people not to see their doctor. We’re telling them to see their doctor,” Golden said. “But if that’s not happening right away, they need to be treated.”
The program, known in medical circles as “expedited partner therapy,” began June 1 in Kitsap County, where the rate of chlamydia (kluh-MID-ee-uh) among residents ages 15 to 24 has risen an average of 5 percent a year in the past decade.
Left untreated, the infection can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease in women, which may result in sterility. More rarely, chlamydia can cause infertility in men, too. Symptoms for men and women alike include discharge from the sex organs and a burning sensation while urinating. But frequently, the pathogen lurks in the body without any signs, making it possible for an infected person to pass on the disease unknowingly.
Nationally, more than 1 million chlamydial infections were reported in 2006, but the U.S. Centers for Disease Prevention and Control estimates that 19 million new infections occur each year.
In Kitsap County, 350 cases of chlamydia were reported in the first five months of the year alone — making it far and away the most commonly reported sexually transmitted infection. By comparison, there were 33 cases of herpes, 30 cases of gonorrhea and one case of syphilis in the same period.
Expedited partner therapy aims to make treatment as available and convenient as possible for chlamydia as well as for gonorrhea. It starts when a patient who has symptoms seeks a doctor’s care, or — in the case of women — is found during her annual gynecological exam to have one or both infections.
A patient with chlamydia can be treated immediately with a single dose of the antibiotic azithromycin (sold in this country under the brand name Zithromax), said Beth Phipps, a nurse epidemiologist and chlamydia project point person at the Kitsap County Health District.
Gonorrhea also may be treated instantly with a second antibiotic.
Phipps said patients may then obtain free “Partner Packs” containing antibiotics, information about the medicine and the
disease, and a pair of condoms, directly from the health district clinic in downtown Bremerton or through their own physicians, who may call in prescriptions to any of seven Rite-Aid pharmacies in the county.
The partners never have to be identified. The patient simply gives a name under which the prescription should be written, and the person picking up the prescription asks for the packet under that name. Nor does the partner need to be the one to pick it up. “The prescription could be for Joe Schmo, but Minnie Mouse can pick it up,” Phipps said.
Phipps said discretion, delicacy and confidentiality are paramount.
When she started the job, Phipps admitted, she was abashed by the questions she had to ask her clients.
“I’m asking them about their sexual practices,” said Phipps, a grandmother who has been with the health district for 13 years. “I’m asking them about the frequency, the type, male, female, both; and that, actually, to start, was hard for me. It took me two days to call my first person.”
She has since learned to conduct interviews matter-of-factly and without judgment, as casually as if she were asking what the person had for lunch.
She’s also found that people of all types are vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections. “The perception would be icky, dirty, but not necessarily,” Phipps said. “I probably talk to more people who are regular Kitsap County citizens — professional people who just had a mishap.”
Nor are they necessarily promiscuous. One woman who had been to Harrison Medical Center’s emergency department three months in a row with a recurring chlamydia infection was, Phipps found, in a steady relationship. And her partner had been treated, too.
The problem was, the couple weren’t treated for the infection at the same time. “So they were passing it back and forth,” Phipps said. The trick was to treat them simultaneously, and counsel them to abstain from sex for one week until the infections cleared.
Golden at the UW, who also directs the sexually transmitted disease control program at Public Health-Seattle & King County, said that in the search for methods to slow the spread of chlamydia, he and a colleague at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found in a study that about half of all physicians at least occasionally give medicine to patients to take to their partners.
Until the advent of expedited partner therapy, the practice was done informally, under the radar. In fact, in some states, it is illegal to provide prescription drugs to someone who has not been evaluated by a health-care professional, although Golden said laws are changing because of the growing popularity of the formal program and its support from federal health agencies.
In Washington, the spread of partner therapy is funded largely through a five-year, $2.5 million grant from the National Institutes of Health, Golden said. Kitsap is part of a second wave of counties to join. The approach is now available in 18 counties in the state, including Clallam, Jefferson and Pierce. All of Washington is expected to be involved by the middle of 2009.
With 261 cases per 100,000 people, Kitsap’s chlamydia incidence rate is lower than the state’s rate of 283 per 100,000, which in turn is lower than the national rate of about 348 per 100,000.
However, Phipps said she expects Kitsap’s numbers to go up before they go down because of her concentrated efforts to track down infections.
In King County, where partner therapy has been available in some fashion since 1998, Golden said, the infection rate has been stable since 2002. He said researchers should be able to tell how well the program works statewide by 2011.
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Disclaimer: This drug information is for your information purposes only, it is not intended that this information covers all uses, directions, drug interactions, precautions, or adverse effects of your medication. This is only general information, and should not be relied on for any purpose. It should not be construed as containing specific instructions for any particular patient. We disclaim all responsibility for the accuracy and reliability of this information, and/or any consequences arising from the use of this information, including damage or adverse consequences to persons or property, however such damages or consequences arise. No warranty, either expressed or implied, is made in regards to this information.
Thursday, August 28th, 2008
What is Herpes Zoster?
Herpes Zoster, also called herpes zoster or zoster, is a painful skin rash caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV). VZV is the same virus that causes chickenpox. After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus stays in the body. Usually the virus does not cause any problems; however, the virus can reappear years later, causing Herpes Zoster. Herpes zoster is not caused by the same virus that causes genital herpes, a sexually transmitted disease.
What does Herpes Zoster look like?
Herpes Zoster usually starts as a rash on one side of the face or body. The rash starts as blisters that scab after 3 to 5 days. The rash usually clears within 2 to 4 weeks.
Before the rash develops, there is often pain, itching, or tingling in the area where the rash will develop. Other symptoms of Herpes Zoster can include fever, headache, chills, and upset stomach.
Are there any long-term effects from Herpes Zoster?
Very rarely, Herpes Zoster can lead to pneumonia, hearing problems, blindness, brain inflammation (encephalitis) or death. For about 1 person in 5, severe pain can continue even after the rash clears up. This pain is called post-herpetic neuralgia. As people get older, they are more likely to develop post-herpetic neuralgia, and it is more likely to be severe.
How common is Herpes Zoster in the United States?
In the United States, there are an estimated 1 million cases of Herpes Zoster each year.
Who gets Herpes Zoster?
Anyone who has recovered from chickenpox may develop Herpes Zoster, including children. However, Herpes Zoster most commonly occurs in people 50 years old and older. The risk of getting Herpes Zoster increases as a person gets older. People who have medical conditions that keep the immune system from working properly, like cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or people who receive immunosuppressive drugs, such as steroids and drugs given after organ transplantation are also at greater risk to get Herpes Zoster.
How often can a person get Herpes Zoster?
Most commonly, a person has only one episode of Herpes Zoster in his/her lifetime. Although rare, a second or even third case of Herpes Zoster can occur.
Can Herpes Zoster be spread to others?
Herpes Zoster cannot be passed from one person to another. However, the virus that causes Herpes Zoster, VZV, can be spread from a person with active Herpes Zoster to a person who has never had chickenpox through direct contact with the rash. The person exposed would develop chickenpox, not Herpes Zoster. The virus is not spread through sneezing, coughing or casual contact. A person with Herpes Zoster can spread the disease when the rash is in the blister-phase. Once the rash has developed crusts, the person is no longer contagious. A person is not infectious before blisters appear or with post-herpetic neuralgia (pain after the rash is gone).
What can be done to prevent the spread of Herpes Zoster?
The risk of spreading Herpes Zoster is low if the rash is covered. People with Herpes Zoster should keep the rash covered, not touch or scratch the rash, and wash their hands often to prevent the spread of VZV. Once the rash has developed crusts, the person is no longer contagious.
Is there a treatment for Herpes Zoster?
Several medicines, acyclovir (Zovirax), valacyclovir (Valtrex), and famciclovir (Famvir), are available to treat Herpes Zoster. These medications should be started as soon as possible after the rash appears and will help shorten how long the illness lasts and how severe the illness is. Pain medicine may also help with pain caused by Herpes Zoster. Call your doctor as soon as possible to discuss treatment options.
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Disclaimer: This drug information is for your information purposes only, it is not intended that this information covers all uses, directions, drug interactions, precautions, or adverse effects of your medication. This is only general information, and should not be relied on for any purpose. It should not be construed as containing specific instructions for any particular patient. We disclaim all responsibility for the accuracy and reliability of this information, and/or any consequences arising from the use of this information, including damage or adverse consequences to persons or property, however such damages or consequences arise. No warranty, either expressed or implied, is made in regards to this information.
Tuesday, August 26th, 2008
Varicella zoster virus, the same virus that causes chicken pox, causes shingles. This virus is in the herpes family. After a person has had chickenpox the virus remains in their body, lying dormant or hidden in part of the nervous system. For some reason, often many years later, the virus travels back down one of the nerves to the skin, where it causes a rash in the area of skin supplied by that nerve. It’s not clear what triggers reactivation of the chickenpox virus but it may be linked to changes in the immune system. Ensuring your immune system is not weakened may help to prevent this occurring.
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